Glossary

"Acrylic fiber production is energy intensive and calls for a heavy consumption of water (Fletcher, 13). Environmental issues surrounding the fiber are unclear, although 'it is thought that a significant number of production chemicals (including the base ingredient acrylonitrile) have a high potential for creating environmental problems if discharged untreated' (Fletcher, 13). Acrylonitrile, the base ingredient in acrylic fiber, may compromise the health and safety of workers without proper safety measures, as 'exposure occurs mostly from breathing it in the air. Acrylonitrile primarily affects the nervous system and lungs' (ATSDR). According to the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR), 'the Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS) has determined that acrylonitrile may reasonably be anticipated to cause cancer in people' (ATSDR)." (Social Alterations: Fibre Analysis by Mary Hanlon Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works 2.5 Canada License)

The pesticides used in farming, livestock breeding and domestic environments. Examples are insecticides, herbicides and pesticides. They may also be the toxic solvents, paints, lubricants and products for cleaning and disinfection. They cause a lot of damage, both to the environment and the health of animals and human beings.

We use the general term ‘alternative materials’ on this website for all materials that cannot be placed (yet) underneath other headings. Examples are alternative glues and fabrics that come from unclear resources.

Animal fibers are largely those which cover mammals such as sheep, goats and rabbits with well-known examples such as alpaca, merino, wool, fur and mohair. One eco innovation in animal fiber is the production of cruel-free silk or peace silk.